K VENKATESWARA SASTRIGAL Vs. KRISHNA IYER

JUDGEMENT

(1.) In this mortgage suit defendant No. 1 was the mortgagor: defendants Nos. 2 and 3 were puisne mortgagees; defendant No. 4 was the purchaser of the equity of redemption of the greater number of the items mortgaged: and defendant No. 7 was the purchaser of one item. Defendant No. 1 filed a written statement denying his liability and then remained ex parte. The other defendants mentioned above supported the written statement of defendant No. 1, Defendant No. 3 made a special claim to priority and defendant No. 7 raised a number of pleas in connection with the item of property that he had purchased. In the decree in tie suit the lower Court made defendants Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 all personally liable for costs on the ground that defendants Nos. 2 to 4 and 7 supported defendant No. 1 in resisting the plaintiff's claim. Defendants Nos. 2 to 4 and 7 appeal against the decree for costs.

(2.) It has been argued that in a mortgage suit no person but the mortgagor can be made personally liable for costs. If that contention were correct, it would lead to very anomalous- results, as the mortgagor might admit the plaintiff's claim and all the resistance come from the other parties to the suit, who would not, if this argument were correct, be liable for costs at all. Venugopalachariar V/s. Padmanabha Rao 29 M.L.J. 120 : 30 Ind. Cas. 188 : A.I.R. 1916 Mad. 763 has been quoted as an authority for this peculiar position. That was also a mortgage suit; but the decree contained a declaration of the personal liability of defendant No. 2 (who was not the mortgagor) for the plaintiffs costs in case the sale proceeds were not sufficient to pay them as well as the mortgage money. The argument was there accepted that Order XXXIV, Rule 6, Civil Procedure Code, which relates to the recovery of any balance due on a mortgage after the sale, does not make any provision for recovery from any person personally other than the mortgagor, because the word "defendant" in Rule 6 means only the mortgagor. It was a purely technical argument and it turned on the interpretation of Rule 6. In the present case, however, there is no need for recourse to Rule 6; and no reason has been given why the Court in the exercise of its usual discretion with regard to costs cannot make any person who is a party to the suit liable for a part or the whole of the costs.

(3.) Although it appears from the record that it was defendant No. 2's Counsel who was responsible for most of the cross-examination of the plaintiff's witnesses and for loading the evidence against the plaintiff, yet it is difficult to distinguish between the responsibilities of defendant No. 2 and the other appellants. It often happens that a particular defendant's Counsel cross examines the witnesses; and if his cross-examination is sufficient, there is no necessity for further cross-examination by the Counsel for the other defendants. Similarly, one defendant, upon whose peculiar knowledge of the facts the defendants rely may lead evidence; bat if it appears that the other defendants are supporting the defendant who is doing the spade work on behalf of all of them, there is no reason or equity why those other defendants should not be as fully liable for costs as the defendant whose Counsel is responsible for most of the cross-examination and for the leading of the evidence on behalf of the defendants. I, therefore, find myself unable to agree that some distinction should have been made by the lower Court between the case of defendant No. 2 and those of the remaining appellants.