STATE Vs. DITTU RAM PRITAM DASS

JUDGEMENT

(1.) Before this appeal under Section 417, Criminal Procedure Code can be decided on merits, it is the duty of the Court to determine whether the delay in presenting the appeal should be condoned.

(2.) An appeal against an order of acquittal should be presented within a period of six months from the date of the order. The order of acquittal in the present case was passed on the 21st June 1952, an application for a copy of the order was made on the 7th October and the copy was supplied the same day. The appeal was presented in Court on 13-2-1953, that Is, a little less than two months after the expiry of the period of limitation. The question is whether the State has shown sufficient cause for presenting the appeal after the expiry of so long a period.

(3.) While dealing with applications under Section 5, Limitation Act, Courts are always influenced by the consideration whether extension of the period of limitation is likely to affect the rights which have come to vest in the opposite party by efflux of time. If therefore a convict's appeal is out of time, it is the practice of this Court to condone the delay as no right can be said to vest in the State to have the conviction of an Innocent person upheld. If, on the other hand, the State itself is negligent in the presentation of an appeal against acquittal, a very clear right comes to vest in the accused person and he is entitled to claim that save in exceptional circumstances delay in filing the appeal should not be condoned. In the present case, it seems to me that a definite right has accrued to the respondent to remain at large and it is unreasonable that he should be deprived of this right and be subjected to the trouble and expense of answering a charge of which he has been acquitted. In -- 'Emperor v. Shiva Adar', 6 Cri LJ 221 (Bom) (A), it was held that the discretion conferred by Section 5, Limitation Act should be exercised in accordance with recognised judicial principles and that the words "sufficient cause" should receive a liberal construction so as to advance substantial justice when no negligence or inaction or want of 'bona fides' is imputable to the appellant. It was held further that delay in the filing of an appeal ought not to be excused unless there are special circumstances, namely, a misleading by the other side or a mistake in the office itself or some sudden accident which could not be foreseen. Delay in the present case is sought to be condoned on the ground that the papers concerning this case were mislaid in the office. This case does not appear to me to fall within the ambit of the expression "sufficient cause" and the only order that can be passed in the circumstances is that the appeal must be dismissed. I would order accordingly.