UNKNOWN Vs. AJAY KUMAR NEWAR

JUDGEMENT

(1.) The Court: During progress of examination-in-chief of Mr. Harshavardhan Lodha (PW-1) on 24th June, 2019 Mr. Dhruba Ghosh learned Advocate, in question no. 761 put a question to the witness "have you seen the registered Will of Mrs. Priyamvada Devi Birla?" The witness said "Yes, I have seen the registered Will of Mrs. Priyamvada Devi Birla" In answer to question no. 762 the witness further said "I had seen this Will for the first time when it was signed by Mrs. Priyamvada Devi Birla and was witnessed by all the three witnesses and I was there with Smt. Priyamvada Devi Birla when she signed the Will and all the three witnesses signed in her presence." The witness continued to answer the questions put to him in examination-in-chief. In question no. 776 the witness was shown the main petition filed in the probate proceeding and learned advocate said "Please come to page 7 and 8 (shown) - if you recognize the signature of the person verifying the application?" The witness said "Yes, I recognize the signature of the person verifying this application. It has been signed by my father R.S. Lodha on both pages 7 and 8". Showing a document from the records of this Court the witness was asked in question no. 769 "Can you recognize the signature on page 2 of this document?" In answer the witness said "the signature on page 2 of this document is of my father R.S. Lodha". In the next question no. 770 the witness said "this is a document annexing the original registered Will of Priyamvada Debi Birla" In question no. 771 witness was asked "please come to the second annexure to this document that I have just shown you (shown) - have you seen this document before?" In answer the witness said "Yes, I have seen it" (the document was tendered and marked for identification). Examination of the witness was concluded on that day and it was resumed on 24.06.2019. When the witness was asked by his counsel on box in question no.775 "what did Dr. Vaidya do on that day?" In answer the witness said Dr. Vaidya signed the copies of the Will on the request of 'Barima' on that day." Trouble started after the said question. Mr. Kapoor learned senior counsel raised objection about the questions put to the witness and prayed for expunging, in particular, question nos. 772 and 773 and its answers. Of course, by that time the witness had already answered. Mr. Mitra, learned senior advocate in protest submitted that after the witness's answer is recorded by the Court no objection is tenable. Further objection raised by Mr. Kapoor when question no. 804 was asked. Question no. 804 is set out below:

(2.) Mr. Kapoor prayed for expunging question no. 804 and its answer. In order to resolve the disputes and the objections and counter objections raised by the parties the examination of the witness had to be stopped. The witness was directed to step down and he was not recalled on that day. The hearing continued not only for that day but also on the next two/three days. The question which comes up for decision now are as follows:

(3.) This Court has to decide admissibility of documents before they are exhibited in evidence. Mr. Mitra submits that admissibility of the documents will be tested at the time when it will be marked as a regular exhibit. Mr. Kapoor submits that the document cannot be used in evidence unless at least one attesting witness is called. Mr. Mitra, further submits that according to Order XVIII Rule 3A of the Code of Civil Procedure it is the plaintiff who is to depose as a first witness and accordingly the plaintiff started deposing before the Court without any objection from the defendant's side. The objection was raised by the defendants when the witness tried to identify the signature on the Will. In this regard it is to be noted that Section 63 of the Indian Succession Act demonstrates that Will shall be attested by two or more witnesses, each of whom has seen the testator sign or affix his mark to the Will or has seen some other person sign the Will, in the presence and by the direction of the testator. These are the basic and special requirements of a valid Will. Section 63 of Indian Succession Act is set out below: