BEHARI LAL Vs. SMT. CHANDRAWATI

JUDGEMENT

(1.) THIS is a tenants second appeal from the decree of the Additional Civil judge, Muzaffarnagar confirming that of the Additional Munsif, Muzaffarnagar issuing a permanent injunction to restrain the defendant Behari Lal from installing an electric flour mill in the house let out to him and to remove it if he had already installed it. The plaintiff-respondent Smt. Chandrawati is the landlord of the house which was let out to Behari Lal several years ago. It is common ground that the accommodation is a residential house and was let out to Beharilal several years ago. It is common ground that the accommodation is a residential house and was let out to Behari Lal for residing in it. The plaintiff alleged that the defendant had recently installed, or was about to install, in the house a flour mill driven by electricity and had dug the foundations for this purpose. She asked for an injunction to restrain the defendant from installing the mill, and in the alternative, for a mandatory injunction asking him to remove it.

(2.) THE defendant resisted the suit. His main defence was that by installing the mill he had not gone outside the purpose for which the accommodation had been let out to him. He admitted that he had obtained the house for residing in it, but alleged that for several years he had been carrying on the business of selling sweets and running a laundry in the house and the plaintiff had raised no objection. He, therefore, contended that the original purpose must be deemed to have been enlarged with the consent of the landlord to include trade. He further contended that the trade included manufacturing, or at any rate, grinding flour for the purposes of selling.

(3.) LEARNED counsel for the appellant argued that the view of that lower appellate court that the trading does not include manufacturing or, at any rate, running a flour mill is erroneous. He contended that the word trade or business is wide enough to include manufacturing I cannot agree. Trading is the exchange or sale of goods, whereas manufacture is the making of goods by a technical or industrial process. Running a flour mill is substantially a process of manufacture, as the mill grinds corn into flout and thereby makes a new product. Therefore trading does not include running a flour mill. Moreover, the vibrations of the engine of a flour mill are likely to damage a residential house.