WAHID Vs. STATE

JUDGEMENT

(1.) This reference by the Civil and Sessions Judge, Gyanpur arises from proceedings under Section 145 of the Cri P. C. The proceedings originated on the application of one Mahangi (first party) alleging that he was in possession of a plot of land surrounded by a boundary wall behind the house of Wahid and Zahid (Second Party). Both the parties claimed to be in possession of the enclosure in dispute. The Sub-Divisional magistrate, after considering the affidavits put in by the parties and inspecting the locality, found that Mahangi (first party) was in possession of the disputed property. He accordingly ordered the property to be released in favour of Mahangi and directed Wahid and Zahid (second party) not to interfere with the peaceful possession of Mahangi until he is evicted by a competent Court of law.

(2.) Dissatisfied with this order, Wahid and Zahid (second party) filed a revision before the Sessions Judge. It appears that the Sub-divisional magistrate, who inspected the locality, did not record a memorandum of the facts observed by him at the inspection as required by Section 539A, Cri. P. C. The observation of the Sessions Judge on this omission on the part of the magistrate is that the magistrate acted in a very unsatisfactory manner. The Sessions Judge further observed that the Magistrate used the facts observed by him at the time of inspection as substantive piece of evidence without giving an opportunity to the parties to file objections thereto and consequently the magistrate acted with illegality and material irregularity sufficient to vitiate the judgment. The Sessions Judge also found that the affidavits filed on behalf of Mahangi (first party) were not properly sworn and could not, therefore, be taken into consideration. If the affidavit filed by the first party in support of his claim were taken out there was no evidence to prove that the first party was in possession of the disputed enclosure. Another finding given by the learned Sessions Judge is that the magistrate did not discuss the evidence of the parties as required by law. For these reasons the learned Sessions Judge has made a recommendation that the order of the magistrate be set aside and he be directed to proceed with the case in accordance with law after giving opportunities to the parties to file further properly verified affidavit.

(3.) The first point that arises for consideration, therefore, is whether the affidavits filed by the parties were properly sworn and could be considered as proper evidence in the case. Under the provisions of Section 145. Cri. P. C., a party to the proceeding can adduce evidence of such persons as the party relies upon in support of his claim by putting in affidavits of those persons. The affidavits that were put in by Mahangi (first party) were verified and taken before an oath commissioner appointed by the High Court under Section 539, Cri. P. C. On the back of those affidavits there is a note of attestation. That note does not show on its face as to who is the attesting authority, because the designation of the person attesting is not written under the signatures. Under the signature of the authority attesting those affidavits we find only the date and another small initials. The signatures of the magistrate, who tried the case, are on various other papers on the record. A comparison of the admitted signatures of the magistrate with the signatures on affidavits under the word "attested" clearly shows that the affidavits were attested by that very magistrate. The small initials' under the date appear to be of the reader or other official of the magistrate's Court who wrote the word 'attested'. Some of the affidavits filed by Wahid and Zahid (second patty) appear to have been taken before a special magistrate. The view taken by the Sessions Judge is that the High Court has not appointed any commissioner or oath officer before whom an affidavit which is proposed to be filed before a magistrate can be sworn or affirmed. This view appears to be correct. The only provision in the Cri. P. C. regarding the mode of swearing affidavits and affirmations is to be found in Section 539. That section says that affidavits and affirmations which are to be used before any High Court must be sworn and affirmed before such Court......... or before any commissioner or other person appointed by the High Court for that purpose.... Section 539AA lays down that affidavits to be used before any Court other than a High Court under Section 510A or Section 539A may be sworn or affirmed in the manner prescribed in Section 539 or before any magistrate. A perusal of Sections 539 and 539AA clearly shows that a commissioner or oath officer appointed by the High Court can have only such affidavits sworn before him as are to be used before the High Court or in the case of other Courts only those affidavits as are under Section 510A or 539A. It is significant to note that in Section 539AA there is no mention of affidavits under Section 145. This clearly implies that an affidavit under Section 145 can not be sworn or affirmed before a commissioner or oath officer appointed by the High Court. An examination of the provisions of various sections of the Cri. P. C. shows that affidavits are required to be filed under Sections 145, 510A, 526 and 539A. Section 526 provides for the transfer of a case by the High Court. An application for the exercise of the powers of transfer under Section 526 has, therefore, to be made in the High Court. Such an application is required to be supported by an affidavit under the provisions of Sub-section (4) of Section 526. The affidavit referred to in that section has, therefore, to be filed before the High Court and can be sworn in the manner laid down in Section 539. Section 539A speaks of an affidavit in support of an application containing allegations against any public servant and Section 510A speaks of affidavits with respect to evidence of a formal character. Proceedings requiring an affidavit under Sections 510A and 539A can be a Court other than a High Court. In view of Section 539AA such affidavits can be sworn in the manner prescribed in Section 539. In other words, such affidavits can be sworn before an oath commissioner or oath officer appointed by the High Court. If the legislature had intended that affidavits under Section 145 were also to be sworn in the manner prescribed in Section 539, a provision similar to the provision relating to affidavits under Sections 510A and 539A would have been enacted by adding Section 145 in Section 539AA. The affidavits put in by Mahangi (first party) are, therefore, not proper affidavits in so far as they are sworn before an oath commissioner.