(1.) All these applications involve identical questions on law and hence, they are decided by this common judgment.
(2.) RULE. Learned Additional Public Prosecutor waives service of notice of rule on behalf of respondent State.
(3.) The short question that has come up for consideration of this Court in this group of petitions is whether a written complaint by the public servant concerned is necessary for a Court to take cognizance of any offence punishable under Ss. 172 to 188 (both inclusive) of the Indian Penal Code.