VELU Vs. BHARATHAN

JUDGEMENT

(1.) The suit properties belonged to Thevan, who died on 1-5-1095, governed by the Misradaya system of inheritance. The 1st defendant is his widow, defendants 2 to 6 his children and defendants 7 to 10 his grandchildren through late daughters. Admittedly, the tavazhi of defendants 1 to 10 succeeded to 11/20 shares, and the plaintiffs tarwad to 9/20 shares in his properties. After Thevans death, his brother, Govindan, had been in possession of the properties till 4-9-1109 when he executed Ext. VII, gifting them to defendants 1 to 10. Govindan died on 12-7-1120. This suit was instituted on 20-10-1121, by the 1st plaintiff, the karnavan, and plaintiffs 2 and 3 the seniormost male members of other two tavazhis of the tarwad, for partition of 9/29. shares to them, ignoring Ext. VII as not binding on them. The 1st plaintiff died on August 2, 1952. An application to implead the next karnavan as the 15th defendant in the suit was made by the 3rd plaintiff on October 28, 1954, only. On August 4, 1959, the Subordinate Judge held the suit abated in regard to the interests of the 1st plaintiffs tavazhi, and directed the 3rd plaintiff to file an amended plaint. Though the amended plaint also claimed 9/20 shares, the plaintiffs counsel has written on the back of the amended plaint that the suit need be proceeded with only in regard to the interests of the 3rd plaintiffs tavazhi. The suit has now been decreed for division of 31/100 shares for the 3rd plaintiffs tavazhi. This appeal is by the 15th defendant, the present karnavan of the tarwad, claiming the entire 9/20 shares for the tarwad. The only question in the circumstances is whether the court below was right in holding that, by the non substitution of the next karnavan within 90 day of the death of the 1st plaintiff, the suit as concerns the tarwad had abated.

(2.) Counsel for the appellant relied on Ganeshmull Surana v. Nagraj Surana AIR 1953 Calcutta 294, where Banerjee, J. held that a suit on behalf of a Hindu joint family does not abate by the death of the Karta who instituted the suit as representing the family and that an application for substitution of the next Karta is governed by the 3 years rule under Art.176 of the Limitation Act, 1908. That decision has been overruled in Kedarnath Kaneria v. Khaitap Sons and Co. AIR 1959 Calcutta 368 by a Bench, Das Gupta, J. and Bachawat, J., who held that, when the Karta who brought a suit on behalf of a joint family died, application to substitute or implead the next Karta had to be made within 90 days lest the suit would abate. The same was the view taken by Sinha, C. J. and Mudholkar, J. in Shop of Bhai Ganesram Balbhadra v. Firm Mangilal Balkisan AIR 1952 Nag. 390 . We respectfully agree with the latter precedents. A tarwad can sue only in one of three ways: Firstly, through its accredited representative and mouthpiece, the karnavan; secondly, through all the members who constitute the tarwad; or thirdly, through a member of the tarwad with the reluctant or indifferent karnavan in the array of the defendants. This suit, as originally laid, came under the first category, the junction of plaintiffs 2 and 3 with the karnavan, the 1st plaintiff, being of little consequence in this respect. When the 1st plaintiff died, the tarwad lost its presence in the suit, as the succeeding karnavan was not in the array of parties. No application for bringing him on record was made for two years and more after the death of the 1st plaintiff. The court below was therefore right in finding that the suit did abate as regards the tarwad. Whether, in the circumstances, the 3rd plaintiff was entitled to continue the suit on behalf of his tavazhi for part of the relief claimed, is not in issue before us and we express no opinion thereon. The decree directing division of 31/100 shares to the tavazhi of the 3rd plaintiff is not impugned here. This appeal is only to enforce the rights of the tarwad as claimed in the original plaint, which, as said above, cannot be after the suit of the tarwad has abated.

(3.) The appeal has no force, and is hereby dismissed.