(1.) The present batch of Writ Petitions raises a common challenge to the continued recovery of the commuted portion of pension for a uniform statutory period of fifteen years prescribed under Rule 10A of the Central Civil Services (Commutation of Pension) Rules, 1981 [hereinafter referred to as 'CCS Commutation Rules'] and other analogous pension laws, in the backdrop of successive revisions in commutation factors following implementation of recommendations of various Central Pay Commissions [hereinafter referred to as 'CPCs'].
(2.) The connected Writ Petitions, though arising from different procedural backgrounds, broadly fall into the following categories:
(3.) For the sake of convenience and to avoid repetition, the expression "Pensioner-Petitioners" shall hereinafter be used as a compendious reference to the applicants before the aforesaid Tribunals as well as those writ petitioners who have approached this Court seeking pensionary or constitutional reliefs, unless the context otherwise requires.